{"id":11855,"date":"2025-07-13T15:35:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-13T19:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/?p=11855"},"modified":"2026-05-15T10:46:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T14:46:21","slug":"microbiome-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/systeme-digestif\/microbiome-microbiome-2eme-partie\/","title":{"rendered":"Microbiome and Microbiota: How Your Gut Shapes Your Mood"},"content":{"rendered":"

New intelligence source \u2014 the second brain<\/strong><\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Microbiome: The largest microbiota is the intestinal microbiota, with a surface area that, when flattened, is nearly the size of a tennis court. Its enormous population, though infinitely small, amplifies our digestive functions and has a direct impact on our health. Furthermore, its tasks are not limited to simply fermenting or metabolizing food products that our intestinal tract cannot digest.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nerve cells and tissues of the digestive tract are known as the enteric nervous system, and these are directly connected to the brain and central nervous system. The vagus nerve is an important cranial nerve that connects the brain and the gut, as well as other organs. The gut microbiota and food contain metabolites that communicate with the brain and central nervous system via the vagus nerve, as well as through alternative pathways, including the circulatory, endocrine, and immune systems. Therefore, there are no good natural defenses without a healthy gut flora and a balanced microbiome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"microbiome\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Researchers know about the connection between the brain and the gut\u2014anxiety often causes nausea and diarrhea, and depression can greatly alter appetite. When a person is under stress, it produces a chain reaction that disrupts the balance between microbes and neurotransmitters. Active communication between the gut and the brain occurs through neurotransmitters, hormones, and metabolites. It's a language the body instantly recognizes and understands. According to physician Joseph B. Weiss, surprisingly, the majority of signals are not sent from the brain to the gut, but rather in the reverse direction, from the gut to the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gut plays a major role in the production of neurotransmitters: for example, serotonin and dopamine enable nerve cells to communicate with one another. A dopamine deficiency\u201450% of which is found in the brain and the other 50% in the gut\u2014can lead to Parkinson\u2019s disease. Serotonin, on the other hand, influences our mood. It is found in a ratio of 5% in the brain and 95% in the gut. In fact, most antidepressants are designed to increase its levels in the body. This is why this microbiota is recognized as the \u00absecond brain,\u00bb leading us to a scientific understanding of what has often been described as a \u00abgut feeling\u00bb or intuition. The microbiome plays a central role in this communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I invite you to watch the conference<\/a> \u00abHow Our Microbes Make Us Who We Are\u00bb by Rob Knight on the renowned TED Talk website. Rob Knight is a professor of biology, co-founder of the \u2019American Gut Project,\u00ab and a pioneer in the study of human and environmental microbes (the video is in English with French subtitles).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Boston-area psychiatrist, James Greenblatt, has advocated for the use of probiotics in treating his patients for decades. He revealed that more than half of psychiatric problems are associated with gut issues\u2014and that in some cases, he has used only high-dose probiotics combined with a healthy diet as treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A healthy gut microbiome is the equivalent of a healthy brain: what we eat, the stress we experience, and our environment all affect us. The human body is in constant symbiosis with its microbiome. The connection between our body, our gut, our brain, and our emotions affects our health and well-being. This new research on the evolution of gut bacteria and its impact on our behavior is transforming the understanding and treatment of a variety of health disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New Technologies: Fecal Transplantation and Stool Grafting<\/strong><\/h3><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Microbiome and gut bacterial community imbalances are also associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, Crohn's disease, colitis or C. difficile, inflammatory and underlying reactions like asthma or psoriasis; as well as a host of antibiotic-resistant infections.
When gut microbiome disruptions are severe, standard probiotics and diet may not be enough. Doctors are now looking into a new technology: \u00abfecal transplantation\u00bb or \u00abstool transplant.\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a fecal transplant, a sample from a healthy donor is analyzed. The solid matter is then separated from the beneficial microbes to create a liquid of healthy bacteria, which will be transferred to patients via enemas or colonoscopy. A pill can also be made from the beneficial bacteria \u2013 this \u00abpoop pill\u00bb will then be ingested. Once implanted in the colon, these beneficial bacteria will reproduce and colonize the area until it resembles that of the healthy person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Thomas Louie, a professor of microbiology and infectious diseases at the University of Calgary, specializes in research on Clostridium difficile and the ecology of the gut microbiota. He has been a pioneer in this field for many years (there are numerous articles about him online). Closer to home, this technology is used by Dr. Louis Valiquette, an infectious disease specialist at the Sherbrooke University Hospital Center. There is also a gastroenterologist in the United States, Dr. Darrell Pardi, who uses this procedure instead of risky medications to help people struggling with serious immune or inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or arthritis. The success rate of this practice is 90%, wherever this technique is used. An intact microbiome can prevent the disease from returning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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However, as with many supposedly revolutionary \u00abdiscoveries,\u00bb it appears that this treatment may not be so new. The account of successful fecal transplants has indeed been found in a 4th-century Chinese medical manual, written by the physician Ge Hong, who prescribed \u00abyellow soup\u00bb (a soup of excrement) as a remedy for severe diarrhea. In the United States, in the 1950s, Ben Eiseman, a surgeon at Denver General Hospital, was already using fecal transplants and published four case studies in the scientific journal Surgery.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

For the time being, Health Canada authorities consider the process to still be in the experimental stage and have stated that the procedure can only be used with a donor from the same family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the future, patients will be able to turn to a more direct solution: the storage, or \u00abbanking,\u00bb of their healthy microbiome via their own stool, and return later for a transplant or take a pill of their own flora when needed. The non-profit company OpenBiome in the United States is the largest \u00abstool\u00bb bank and specializes in a personalized human microbiome service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who knows? One day, maybe, this service will be useful to everyone? Even for people in perfect health...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Carabotti et al. (2015) \u2014 Annals of Gastroenterology \u2014 The gut-brain axis, the role of the vagus nerve, and bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Y<\/strong>Ano et al. (2015) \u2014 Cell \u2014 Gut bacteria regulate serotonin biosynthesis in the host (95% produced in the gut).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Cryan & Dinan (2012) \u2014 Nature Reviews Neuroscience \u2014 The influence of the gut microbiota on the brain, behavior, mood, and psychiatric disorders.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. van Nood et al. (2013) \u2014 New England Journal of Medicine \u2014 Efficacy of fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile, with a success rate exceeding 90%.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Votre intestin communique directement avec votre cerveau via le nerf vague. Ce \u00ab\u00a0second cerveau\u00a0\u00bb produit 95% de votre s\u00e9rotonine et influence votre humeur au quotidien. D\u00e9couvrez pourquoi soigner votre microbiote intestinal transforme votre bien-\u00eatre mental et \u00e9motionnel.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11853,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-systeme-digestif"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash.webp",2048,1220,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-400x238.webp",400,238,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-768x458.webp",768,458,true],"large":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-1200x715.webp",800,477,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-1536x915.webp",1536,915,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash.webp",2048,1220,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash.webp",18,12,false],"image-blog":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash-1200x480.webp",1200,480,true],"mailpoet_newsletter_max":["https:\/\/vitacru.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a-c-LCyuuj4f7KI-unsplash.webp",1320,786,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Annie","author_link":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/author\/a5d161023cee9fe5\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Votre intestin communique directement avec votre cerveau via le nerf vague. Ce \"second cerveau\" produit 95% de votre s\u00e9rotonine et influence votre humeur au quotidien. D\u00e9couvrez pourquoi soigner votre microbiote intestinal transforme votre bien-\u00eatre mental et \u00e9motionnel.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitacru.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}